Chapter 11 demonstrates that online media are not as necessarily democratic as Gillmor might have us believe. (Remember chapter 5 when he sed that the Internet had leanings towards a populist version of direct democracy, not unlike what one found in the Howard Dean campaign?) As we learn about corporate efforts to control copyright protection and to curtail fair use, we find that perhaps the technology is not all we need to enjoy democratic exchange. Does this chapter’s concession that anti-democratic (read, corporate) forces can use new media just as well as citizen activists undercut Gillmor’s argument that there is something inherently valuable and democratic in new media? In light of chapter 12, can we still say that new media made grassroots journalism possible?