Lex Talionis
Leslie Cantu:
"People that favor the death penalty agree that capital punishment is a
relic of barbarism, but as murder itself is barbaric, they contend that
death is a fitting punishment for it" (Jayewardene 87). Retentionists are
most often subscribers to the "an eye for an eye" principle and feel that
execution is the only way to satisfy the public as well as themselves. Who
doesn't enjoy it when, for example, someone steals ten dollars from you and
then the person who stole your money has the same thing happen to them?
Retentionists feel much the same way about murderers who are sentenced to
die. As far as they are concerned, the criminal brought his punishment upon
himself; they deserve what they get. When proponents of the death penalty
are thrown the arguement of capital punishment being a tragic loss of human
life, the majority respond "even in the tragedy of human death there are
degrees, and that it is mucn more tragic for the innocent to lose his life
than for the State to take the life of a criminal convicted of a capital
offense" (Bedau 308).
Dustin Cox:
Capital punishment is a method of retributive punishment as old as
civilization itself. Both the Greeks and the Romans invoked the death penalty
for a wide variety of offenses. Socrates and Jesus were perhaps the most
famous people ever condemned for a capital crime in the ancient period.
Hammurabi's Code, a code of laws developed by the king of one of the first
empires, dates back from the third or second millennium before Christ. This
code claims that retribution, an eye for an eye and a life for a life, is
justice. In Anglo-American law the death penalty has been a customary response
to certain kinds of offenses. The movement in America to have the death
penalty declared unconstitutional received paramount attention during the
landmark case of 'Furman v. Georgia,' rendered on June 29, 1972, which declared
the death penalty cruel and unusual punishment. No executions took place
between 1967 and 1977 (Bedau, 1992). However, after a supreme court decision
in 1975 'Gregg v. Georgia', which stated capital punishment did not violate the
Eighth Amendment, executions commenced again under state supervision. Should
capital punishment be continued? Retribution is a justification for capital
punishment because it is an injustice to tolerate criminal behavior such as
murder.
Jon Manning:
If someone is lined up for execution then they more than likely deserve
it. They have caused a great deal of grief to the family and friends of the
victim or victims and it seems like the only way justice could be served is for
the criminal to die. For the person to simply go to jail seems unfair. There
they will eat three meals a day, get to watch cable t.v., and befriend other
inmates. They live a pretty decent life in prison and they don't deserve it.
Jessica Spinler:
Despite the moral argument concerning the inhumane treatment of the criminal,
we return to the "nature" of the crime committed. Can society place an unequal
weight on the tragically lost lives of murder victims and the criminal? This
is not an exam question in a college philosophy course but a moral conundrum at
the core of perhaps the most intriguing issue facing the U. S. Supreme Court
today. Punishment is meted out because of the nature of the crime, devoid of
any reference to the social identity of the victim. Compassion and political
calculation have combined to transform victims and their advocates into a
potent lobbying force. Beginning in California, 1987, the Supreme court carved
out a crucial exception: Neither the life of the victim nor the suffering of
his survivors could be a factor in any state or federal case punishable by
death (Shapiro, 61). The catch is that every reduction in the elaborate legal
process that has evolved to ensure that only the guilty die increases the
chances that an innocent person, victim, will be subjected to this most
irreversible and final of punishments, injustices. The possibility of an
innocent person being put to death is another factor some people have against
the death penalty. According to the 1987 Stanford University survey, at least
23 Americans have been wrongly executed in the 20th century (Kramer, 32).