• Members of the middle class – merchants and artisans – also had to supervise servants, in addition to making their own cloth and sewing, provisioning the household, tending the sick, raising livestock, brewing, preserving meat, supervising the garden, and making cheese and butter. 

  • Girls helped their mothers by plucking fowl, baking, doing laundry, making beds, weaving, embroidering, &c.

  • A townhome usually consisted of a chapel, a stable, an orchard, several bedrooms, a kitchen, a garden, a courtyard, and a well.  They tended to be poorly ventilated, and had no plumbing.

  • A middle class woman’s furniture might include some beds, a trestle table, some linens, wooden bowls and spoons, a chest, and some straight chairs. 

  • Kitchenware typically entailed cauldrons, earthenware bowls, morters and pestles, a kneading trough and cheese presses.

  • The wife would have been assisted by servants.

  • Brawn was a popular dish made of pig’s feet, head, and ears simmered with herbs and vegetables.

  • The middle class diet would have also involved groats (a grain), fish, pork, cabbage, spinach, and cheese.

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A 13th-century chest

Women spinning

Two staple kitchenware items